Fear of the sertão: malaria and the Rondon Commission (1907-1915).

The article analyzes the relationships between disease, knowledge, and settlement of the Brazilian territory within the context of the Strategic Telegraph Commission from Mato Grosso to Amazonas, more famously known as the Rondon Commission. From 1907 to 1915, the commission traversed broad regions of what are now the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Amazonas as part of its endeavor to set up telegraph lines that would link these regions to the country's main cities. Over time, the malaria, endemic to the places visited by the commission, forced it to abandon some of its goals and delay achievement of others. The article focuses on how the disease impacted the work of the commission and highlights creation of a sanitary service intended primarily to control malaria.